A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica obstrutiva médio-ventricular é uma variante rara (1%) da cardiomiopatia hipertrófica obstrutiva. Neste relato de caso, apresentamos uma paciente encaminhada para realização de cateterismo cardíaco eletivo por angina e dispneia aos moderados esforços, sem obstrução coronariana significativa e com ventriculografia esquerda, demostrando cardiomiopatia hipertrófica obstrutiva médio-ventricular com um gradiente pressórico intraventricular de 130 mmHg.

Mid-ventricular hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is a rare variant form (1%) of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. In this case, we report a patient referred for elective cardiac catheterization due to angina and dyspnea on moderate exertion, with no significant coronary obstruction, and left ventriculography indicating the presence of mid-ventricular hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with an intraventricular pressure gradient of 130 mmHg.

INTRODUÇÃO: O infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) persiste como importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade. Este estudo visa a delinear o panorama nacional da intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) no cenário do IAM, analisando diferentes períodos e regiões do Brasil, com enfoque na ICP primária e nos tratamentos adjuntos farmacológicos e mecânicos. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados de 20.004 pacientes com diagnóstico de IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) e submetidos a ICP, provenientes do Registro CENIC (Central Nacional de Intervenções Cardiovasculares), de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2010. Esses dados são oriundos de 252 centros localizados em 22 Estados das cinco regiões do País. RESULTADOS: A ICP primária correspondeu a 57,8% das ICPs realizadas no contexto do IAM, seguida de ICP eletiva pós-IAMCSST (35,7%), ICP de resgate (6,1%) e ICP facilitada (0,4%). A evolução ao longo dos anos evidencia aumento progressivo do número de ICPs primárias no Brasil, partindo de 56,7% do total em 2006 para 71,6% em 2010. O tempo médio porta-balão da ICP primária no Brasil nesse período foi de 2 horas. A aspiração de trombos aumentou de 0,4% em 2006 para 8,2% dos casos em 2010. A taxa média de sucesso do procedimento foi de 93,8%, enquanto a de óbito hospitalar foi de apenas 2,8%. CONCLUSÕES: A ICP no cenário do IAMCSST vem apresentando avanços de 2006 a 2010, embora de maneira heterogênea nas diferentes regiões do Brasil, mediante aumento das taxas de ICP primária e maior utilização de dispositivos de aspiração de trombo, os quais ainda não foram incorporados na rotina. Investimentos em recursos humanos e implementação de protocolos de atendimento constituem elementos essenciais para a otimização do tempo porta-balão e para a melhora dos resultados clínicos.

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to outline the national profile of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the setting of AMI, analyzing different time periods and geographic regions, with focus on primary PCI and adjunctive pharmacological and mechanical treatments. METHODS: Data from 20,004 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing PCI and included in the CENIC Registry (National Center of Cardiovascular Interventions) from January 2006 to December 2010 were included in this study. Data were obtained from 252 centers located in 22 states from five different geographic regions in the country. RESULTS: Primary PCI accounted for 57.8% of PCI performed in the setting of AMI, followed by elective PCI after STEMI (35.7%), rescue PCI (6.1%) and facilitated PCI (0.4%). The evolution over time showed a progressive increase in the number of primary PCIs in Brazil, from 56.7% in 2006 to 71.6% in 2010. The mean door-to-balloon time of primary PCI in Brazil during this period was 2 hours. Thrombus aspiration increased from 0.4% in 2006 to 8.2% of cases in 2010. Procedural success rate was 93.8%, while in-hospital mortality was only 2.8%. CONCLUSIONS: PCI in the setting of STEMI has improved from 2006 to 2010, although heterogeneously in the different regions of Brazil, due to increased primary PCI rates and higher use of thrombus aspiration devices, which have not been incorporated in the routine practice. Investments in staff training and implementation of clinical protocols are essential to optimize the door-to-balloon time and improve clinical outcomes.

INTRODUÇÃO: Há múltiplos modelos experimentais em animais, entretanto o modelo suíno é o que apresenta características anatômicas e funcionais mais próximas às humanas. Assim sendo, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de desenvolver e implementar um protocolo experimental de indução de hiperproliferação neointimal em suínos, visando à criação de técnicas de lesão vascular simulando a reestenose. MÉTODO: De agosto de 2006 a março de 2009, 69 suínos jovens da raça Large White foram submetidos a cinecoronariografia seguida de lesão vascular com implante de 102 stents sobredimensionados, guiados por ultrassom intracoronário. Em 28 dias foi realizado reestudo com nova cinecoronariografia e ultrassom intracoronário. RESULTADOS: O diâmetro luminal mínimo e a área luminal mínima imediatamente após o implante de stent no grupo stent sobredimensionado foram maiores em comparação ao grupo controle (3,5 ± 0,3 mm vs. 3 ± 0,2 mm, P < 0,0001 e 40,7 ± 0,3 mm² vs. 30,2 ± 0,2 mm², P < 0,0001). A taxa de reestenose binária no grupo submetido a implante de stent sobredimensionado foi de 92% (69/75 stents), enquanto no grupo controle foi de 12% (3/25 stents), com diferença estatisticamente significante (P < 0,0001). O volume de hiperplasia neointimal foi maior no grupo submetido a implante de stent sobredimensionado, em comparação ao grupo controle (5,9 ± 0,8 mm³/mm de stent vs. 1,8 ± 0,7 mm³/mm de stent; P < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: O modelo experimental proposto de indução de proliferação neointimal em suínos é eficaz na indução de hiperplasia intrastent, portanto pode ser utilizado tanto para o estudo dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos da reestenose intrastent quanto para aplicações terapêuticas, como testes de novos fármacos, novos dispositivos e novos stents farmacológicos para prevenção e tratamento da reestenose intrastent.

BACKGROUND: There are several experimental animal models, but, the swine model is the most similar to human anatomic and physiologic characteristics. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop and implement an experimental protocol of vascular neointimal hyperplasia induction in swine, aiming at creating vascular injury techniques simulating restenosis. METHOD: From August 2006 to March 2009, 69 young Large White swine underwent coronary angiography followed by vascular injury and implantation of 102 oversized stents guided by intravascular ultrasound. After 28 days a new coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound was performed. RESULTS: The minimal luminal diameter and the minimal luminal area immediately after the stent deployment in the group treated with an oversized stent were significantly higher when compared to the control group (3.5 ± 0.3 mm vs. 3 ± 0.2 mm, P < 0.0001 and 40.7 ± 0.3 mm² vs. 30.2 ± 0.2 mm², P < 0.0001). The binary restenosis rate in the group treated with an oversized stent was 92% (69/75 stents), whereas it was 12% (3/25 stents) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001). The neointimal hyperplasia volume was significantly higher in the group treated with an oversized stent in comparison to the control group (5.9 ± 0.8 mm³/stent mm vs. 1.8 ± 0.7 mm³/stent mm, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The proposed experimental model of neointimal proliferation induction in swine is effective in inducing instent hyperplasia, and therefore it may be used for the study of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of in-stent restenosis as well as for therapeutic purposes, such as the evaluations of new drugs, new devices and new drug-eluting stents for the prevention and treatment of in-stent restenosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the use, prior to the procedure, of injectable diltiazem to prevent complications. METHODS: Between September 2000 and July 2001, 50 patients underwent transradial coronary angiography and were randomized to receive placebo (GI) or diltiazem (GII) through a catheter inserted into the radial artery. All patients received isosorbide mononitrate. Ultrasound analyses of the radial artery were performed before examination, 30 minutes afterwards, and 7 days afterwards to evaluate the flow, the diameter, and the artery output. RESULTS: The radial artery diameter of GI was 2.4± 0.5 mm before the procedure and 2.3±0.5 mm after 30 minutes (NS), whereas in GII the diameter was 2.2±0.3 mm before the examination and 2.5±0.4 mm 30 minutes after it (P<0.001). Radial artery output in group 1 was 7.3±5.l2 mL/min before the examination and 6.1±3.5 mL/min 30 minutes after the examination (NS), and GII had an increase of 5.9±2.5 mL/min before examination to 9.05± 7.78 mL/min after the examination (P=0.04). Complications (spasm, occlusion, and partial obstruction) occurred in 4 patients (17.4%) in GI and did not occur in GII (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: The study suggests a decrease in vascular complications through the transradial access for coronary angiography with the use of diltiazem as an antispasmodic drug, resulting in the significant increase in the diameter of the radial artery and radial artery output.